home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK04220}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Sialidosis}
- $Subject{Sialidosis Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus syndrome Mucolipidosis I ML I
- Lipomucopolysaccharidosis Type I Sialidosis Type I Sialidosis Type II}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 302:
- Sialidosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Sialidosis) is not the name
- you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate names
- and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cherry Red Spot - Myoclonus syndrome
- Mucolipidosis I
- ML I
- Lipomucopolysaccharidosis Type I
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
-
- Sialidosis Type I
- Sialidosis Type II
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- The Mucolipidoses (ML II & ML III) are a family of hereditary disorders
- in which enzyme deficiencies cause both complex carbohydrates
- (mucopolysaccharides) and certain fatty substances (mucolipids) to accumulate
- in body tissues without excess mucopolysaccharides in the urine. (For more
- information on the mucolipidoses, choose "ML Disorder" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Sialidosis (previously called Mucolipidosis I) is a very rare recessive
- hereditary disorder caused by decreased activity of the enzyme gamma-
- neuraminidase. Patients have normal urinary mucopolysaccharides, elevated
- urinary oligosaccharides containing salic acid, mild mental retardation,
- cherry-red spots on the retina (interior back portion of the eyeball), and
- signs of neurological involvement in older children.
-
- Two forms of Sialidosis are known. Sialidosis Type I has primary eye and
- muscle involvement (myoclonus). Sialidosis Type II has eye and muscle
- involvement plus mild coarsening of the face, skeletal changes and mild
- mental retardation.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Sialidosis (Lipomucopolysaccharidosis Type I) is characterized by moderate
- developmental retardation which usually occurs during late infancy. As the
- disease progresses, the children manifest short stature with a
- disproportionately short trunk, an enlarged liver and spleen
- (hepatosplenomegaly), hernias, moderate to severe mental retardation,
- impaired hearing and cherry-red macular spots on the retina of the eye.
- Progressive loss of vision, often severe, may be associated with impaired
- color vision or night blindness.
-
- After about 5 years, there are progressive signs of a dysfunction of the
- white matter of the nervous system such as seizures with shocklike muscular
- contractions (myoclonus); decreased muscle strength; diminished tonus of the
- muscles (hypotonia); uncoordinated movements (ataxia); tremor; rapid
- movements of the eyeballs (nystagmus); irregular reflexes; and reduced nerve
- conduction velocity.
-
- In older patients, the electro-encephalogram (EEG) shows peculiar
- complexes of high-frequency polyspikes and sharp waves. Generalized abnormal
- bone development occurs. Opacities of the cornea of the eye may sometimes
- develop.
-
- Causes
-
- Sialidosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder in which the activity
- of the enzyme gamma-neuraminidase is deficient. (Human traits including the
- classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for
- that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
- recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits
- the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene
- and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease,
- but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to
- the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder,
- is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers,
- but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Sialidosis affects males as often as females. Siblings of patients have a 1
- in 4 chance to be affected.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Carriers of Sialidosis can be detected by an enzyme assay in cultured
- fibroblasts, making prenatal diagnosis possible. Genetic counseling is
- advised for families affected by this disorder.
-
- Treatment of Sialidosis is symptomatic and supportive. Seizures may be
- controlled by a variety of anticonvulsant medications.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Since prenatal diagnosis is now possible through amniocentesis and sampling
- of a tissue layer in the embryo (chorionic villus sampling), new treatments
- aimed at checking early development of Sialidosis are now under
- investigation. One method involves replacing defective enzymes via enzyme
- replacement therapy and/or bone marrow transplants. Scientific study of gene
- replacement in animal models raises the hope that gene replacement therapy
- may someday be made available to people with genetic disorders such as
- Sialidosis.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Sialidosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- MPS (Mucopolysaccharidoses) Research Funding Center, Inc.
- 1215 Maxfield Road
- Hartland, MI 48029
- (313) 363-4412
-
- The MPS Society, Inc.
- 17 Kramer Street
- Hicksville, NY 11801
- (516) 931-6338
-
- Society of Mucopolysaccharide Diseases, Inc.
- 382 Parkway Blvd.
- Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada R8A 0K4
-
- Society of MPS Diseases
- 30 Westwood Drive
- Little Chalfont, Bucks, England
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- International Tremor Foundation
- 360 W. Superior St.
- Chicago, IL 60610
- (312) 664-2344
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS COMPENDIUM, 2d ed.: Daniel Bergsma, ed.; March of Dimes, 1979.
- P. 724.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 6th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1983. Pp. 832-833.
-
-